Financials set the tone: what to watch as Q2 earnings season begins

U.S. equities are entering the Q2 earnings season on strong footing. The S&P 500 has returned over 7% year-to-date, while the KBW Bank Index is up about 13%, outperforming quietly. That momentum will be tested this week, with a wave of financial companies set to report—names like JPMorgan, Bank of America, and Goldman Sachs. These results won’t just move their own stocks—they’ll help shape the mood of the broader market as summer picks up.

Why the banks matter

A window into the economy
Banks give an early look into the health of the economy. They show us how much people are borrowing, whether businesses are investing, and how credit conditions are evolving. From deposit growth to credit card losses and loan demand, bank results offer valuable clues about consumer and business behavior.

Big impact on the market
It’s not just what they say—it’s how much they weigh. JPMorgan, Bank of America, Goldman Sachs, and Morgan Stanley together make up nearly 9% of next week’s total S&P 500 earnings. If these companies surprise, they can move the whole market.

Interest rates in focus
Investors are watching for clues about the next move from the Federal Reserve. Right now, markets see a small chance of a rate cut in July but still expect one by September. What banks say about deposit costs and lending margins could shift those expectations.

Five things to watch

1. Net interest margins (NIM)
   Can banks keep earning a healthy spread between what they pay on deposits and what they earn on loans? Look for updated guidance from JPMorgan and commentary from Bank of America and Wells Fargo.
2. Loan growth
   Are businesses and consumers borrowing more? If loan balances pick up, it’s a sign of economic confidence. If not, it could mean companies are holding back.
3. Credit quality
   Are defaults rising? JPMorgan’s credit card losses hit 3.58% in Q1. If that number climbs, it could mean financial stress is starting to show.
4. Trading and deal-making
   Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley might benefit from active trading in rates and commodities. But investment banking is still soft. Any signs of life here would be a positive surprise.
5. Buybacks and dividends
   After passing stress tests, some banks could raise dividends or restart share buybacks. That signals confidence—but could also raise eyebrows if credit risk is building.

Companies to watch

• JPMorgan (Tue, Jul 15) – EPS expected: $4.47. Investors will focus on its full-year outlook for net interest income.
• Bank of America (Wed, Jul 16) – EPS: $0.87. Keep an eye on deposit trends and credit card loss rates.
• Goldman Sachs (Wed, Jul 16) – EPS: $9.62. Trading revenue and investment banking commentary are key.
• Morgan Stanley (Wed, Jul 16) – EPS: $2.03. IPO pipeline and underwriting activity could provide a forward view.
• Citigroup & Wells Fargo (Tue, Jul 15) – Both under pressure to show margin recovery and solid credit trends.
• BNY Mellon & State Street (Tue, Jul 15) – Their results give insight into asset-management activity and investor risk appetite.

What it means for the market

Watch the ETFs too

Earnings from the big banks won’t just impact individual stocks—they often ripple through the entire financial sector. Two popular ETFs to watch are:

• XLF (Financial Select Sector SPDR Fund): This broad-sector ETF includes names like JPMorgan, Bank of America, and Goldman Sachs. A strong earnings week could lift the whole ETF, while weaker results may trigger outflows or downside pressure.
• KRE (SPDR S&P Regional Banking ETF): While more focused on regional banks like Fifth Third and Citizens Financial (both reporting this week), KRE is sensitive to loan growth and credit quality trends. Even though it’s less exposed to trading and investment banking, it often moves in sympathy with the broader sector.

Investor sentiment tends to swing quickly during earnings season, and ETFs can serve as a useful gauge for sector-level reactions—especially when individual bank results paint a mixed picture.

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The first week of earnings is about setting direction. If banks show stable margins, healthy credit trends, and even modest improvement in trading or lending, it would confirm the soft-landing view and support current valuations. But if rising costs or credit losses creep in, markets may start to question the optimism.

At current levels—around 21 times forward earnings—the S&P 500 doesn’t leave much room for disappointment.